Facebook And Social Networking Sites Essay - 1619 Words

New media has been easily made available everywhere and Facebook in particular as one of the world most popular social networking site (SNS) can be made accessible from desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablet because of this, almost everybody can have access to Facebook anywhere they go. For the most reason, due to the introduction of new media, Facebook plays a key role communication and staying in touch with families, friends, acquaintances, businesses, groups meetings and a whole lot of others. Moreover it has also been useful in growing markets and advertising mediums through big companies, brands and highly respectable top class businesses. New media as a broad topic can be defined as a â€Å"form of communication which transmits information through a medium that uses routers and servers via high-speed internet and involves materials been received via desktops, computers, tablets and smartphones†. In this paper, I will like to convey how the dramaturgical model of socia l interaction on the use of Facebook reveal how humans communicate their identities using front stage, back stage and impression management to have a perceived view about the world as well as how it reflects Facebook users everyday lives. To begin with, the world’s largest Social media site (Facebook) has made it possible for your front stage, back stage and impression management to be different due to the individual view of how they want to be perceived, howShow MoreRelatedFacebook : A Social Networking Site857 Words   |  4 Pages　　When one joins a social networking site, they basically sign their rights over to that site (Friends Without Boarders). Many people do not read the terms and conditions when making an account to begin with, so they never know what they are really getting into (Friends Without Boarders). For instance, did you know on Facebook when someone joins, it automatically allows Facebook to access their information? They collect data from th eir members off of third party websites, so they can tailor the websiteRead MoreFacebook Is A Social Networking Site1467 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook is a social networking site (SNS) where people can communicate with one another, share photos and posts, and poke one another. Numerous studies have been conducted concerning Facebook, and an array of social and psychological theories have been used to study the SNS. When I was looking through my profile from over the years, I began to notice characteristics about me that I tried to present to my audience. Self-esteem issues were present in my profile, and the social comparison theory relatedRead MoreFacebook And Social Networking Sites1532 Words   |  7 PagesMark Zuckerberg founded Facebook when he was 23 years old while he attended Harvard University. Zuckerberg went to Harvard to study psychology and while he went there he developed a number of social networking sites that allowed students to view other students with the same d egree and others where users could rate people’s attractiveness. When Facebook was first launched in February of 2004 it was called â€Å"The Facebook†. 1,200 Harvard students signed up and had a Facebook profile within the firstRead MoreFacebook : A Social Networking Sites Essay2202 Words   |  9 PagesThrough its years of operation, Facebook has been able to evolve and remain as one of the most popular social networking sites ever created. Facebook’s purpose is for users to connect, share,†¯and communicate with each other across the†¯internet. The case explores the beginning of Facebook, in 2003, when Harvard student, Mark Zuckerberg first created an on-campus website called Facemash. The site would allow other students to rank the attractiveness of fellow students and quickly became the topic ofRead MoreFacebook : A Social Networking Sites At The Moment1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Facebook is one of the most famous social networking sites at the moment. It was launched in February 2004 and it is owned by Mark Zuckerberg and his Harvard college roommates and fellow students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website at the start was only for Harvard students but it soon expanded to colleges in the Boston area, then the Ivy League and Stanford University. When the website first started it was called The Facebook but was laterRead MoreFacebook Is The World s Second Largest Social Networking Site1916 Words   |  8 Pages 1.0 Introduction In February 2004, Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg and his college roommates while they studied at Harvard University. It is the world’s second largest social networking site and was originally known as â€Å"The Facebook† which was changed a couple of years later to facebook.com, which it is known as from today (2014). The site remains free to join and makes its profits through advertising revenue. (Phillips, S.2007) Facebook has adapted greatly over the last 10 years, itRead MoreDo Social Networking Sites Such as Facebook and Twitter Cause More Harm Than Good1017 Words   |  5 PagesDo social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter cause more harm than good? As time changes almost everyone around the world spends time using internet instead watching television these days. They seek help from internet, communicate through internet, and play games online and many more. People starting from minor to adult, they all love to be in the very popular social networking sites such as â€Å"Facebook† and â€Å"Twitter†. Actually, theseRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Among People1130 Words   |  5 PagesContinuance intention of Facebook among people related to different aspects of user psychology. People with high self-esteem use Facebook for number of hours to enhance their social life. People who are narcissist by nature are prone to get addicted easily to social networking sites. People who are extravert spend more time on Facebook to enhance their social life. 2.0 Introduction Social networking sites help diversity of people of different culture to communicate with each other. In thisRead MoreEssay on Social Networking in Business1149 Words   |  5 PagesMike Swanstrom 3/29/2010 Social Networking In Business Introduction Social networking in business is the study of individuals interacting socially for business purposes. This can be done either electronically, or not electronically. Usually when social networking occurs electronically, it is achieved through network-based interfaces. Social networking is primarily focused around one thing: connections. One can utilize every social network that exists (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), but unlessRead MoreThe Use of Social Networking Sites1657 Words   |  7 PagesAdvantages, Abuses and Dangers. Their Advantages, Abuses and Dangers. The Use of Social Networking Sites The Use of Social Networking Sites Introduction: Human beings by and large are social. They feel an inherent need to connect and expand their connections. There is a deep rooted need among humans to share. In the past, due to geographical distances and economic concerns, connections between people were limited. A social network is made up of individuals that are connected to one another by a particular

The Activity Of Service Learning Education Essay Free Essays

Service acquisition is an activity in which a voluntary provides his or her clip to function something or person in their community. Besides, in order for it to be considered service larning the voluntary must larn something from their activity whether it is a accomplishment acquired or another signifier of benefit received. ( Moore, Cassie ) Personally, I believe service acquisition should be compulsory in all colleges across the state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Activity Of Service Learning Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Providing community service in college has many positive impacts on a studentaa‚ ¬a„?s hereafter some of which include presenting a strong work ethic, every bit good as doing the pupil more active in their community. Finally, implementing experiential acquisition creates a safer environment around the college for the pupils. The chief ground that most pupils are at college is to derive cognition and advance their hereafter, unluckily there are other pupils whose concluding for go toing college is more of a joyride/partying experience. This is one of the chief grounds why service acquisition should be compulsory for college pupils. The act of embarking out into the community and supplying aid to another individual or organisation will get down to learn pupils about pull offing their clip more efficaciously, and will assist fix them for a occupation. Pull offing clip efficaciously is a major job in college because some pupils procrastinate and this leads towards low classs and skipped categories. However, if experiential acquisition was compulsory in college so pupils would be forced to fix a rigorous agenda around their needed activities, and they would hold to make up one’s mind what activities that are more recreational and un-required in their modus operandi. This scheduled system would make mor e dedicated pupils and would hence take to increased classs at the college, every bit good as more organized pupils. College pupils do n’t recognize how much free clip they have, because most of it is wasted on leisure activities and slumber. College categories are normally non taken on every twenty-four hours of the hebdomad so most pupils do hold clip that they could give towards assisting their community either on or off campus. Besides, acknowledging demands is another accomplishment learned from community engagement as it influences pupils to get down acquiring involved in other activities to be able to separate themselves when seeking for a occupation. Bing able to state that you performed much more community service while in college will hike as pupils opportunities at having a extremely coveted occupation. Harmonizing to the Delaware Valley College of Science and Agriculture ‘s employment plan pupils who volunteer, â€Å" benefit by basking a high degree of sta tion graduation success, increased calling satisfaction and consistence, higher wages, and increased success in being accepted to and prosecuting alumnus and professional plans of survey. † The survey subsequently goes onto say that employers can be ensured that they are engaging dedicated, reliable, and skilled workers. ( Ellis, Jr. , Michael ) All of these properties are acquired from the pupil being active in a service larning atmosphere. Along with bring forthing a really strong work moral principle in college pupils, service acquisition besides will do a pupil more involved in their community. By supplying a service the pupil is forced to go active in their community and go a portion of activities which they may hold ne’er been involved with antecedently. Bing involved in a pupils community allows pupils to assist the country around them, but besides personally profit by larning information. This is explained in a survey demoing that wise mans non merely merely learn information but they besides learn from the people that are being taught. ( Banks ) Being active is of import for some pupils because they begin to believe that when they do n’t hold category that they can remain at place watching telecasting all twenty-four hours. However, small do pupils cognize that most larning in college is done outside of the schoolroom and that is where service acquisition can come into the image. If colleges enforc ed service larning an copiousness more of information could be acquired by the pupil instead than merely larning what is required to go through a trial. This could include trades/skills that an activity could learn them which would profit them in the hereafter. For illustration, an active pupil versus inactive pupil would distinguish in the mode of the non active pupil cognizing book information while the active pupil may cognize custodies on how to execute a undertaking. This is really helpful for graduating college pupils because the work force is looking for people who know what they ‘re making and are good at it instead than cognize about it. Besides, most colleges are taking this into consideration because they believe that pupils should offer their service in times of convulsion. They believe that college pupils are more willing to offer their clip during a crisis, and that this should be changed towards compulsory experiential acquisition on a regular footing. ( Strout, Erin ) Another benefit of compulsory service larning in college would be a safer environment around the college campus for pupils. By coercing pupils to go involved in activities around their community they learn about their milieus and possible unsafe scenes that may approach their lodging country. All service larning undertakings are different and if a pupil feels uncomfortable they begin to recognize how different their life may be than person else ‘s. This normally causes a pupil to maturate to another degree and do them esteem the environment around them more than they did antecedently. This could run from driving more reserved to restricting litter. For illustration if picking up litter is a undertaking chosen by a pupil they may be influenced to litter less due to the acknowledgment of the work required to clean up the rubbish. In bend, this will make more healthful milieus at college campuses. In decision, I strongly believe that experiential acquisition should be required for all college pupils. There are multiple positive benefits towards doing pupils voluntary in their community, including a safer and more mature environment at the campus. Besides, a pupil will be forced to take part in the community more often every bit good as create a strong work moral principle which will assist pupils happen a womb-to-tomb calling. The benefits of coercing a pupil to take part in service larning greatly outweigh those in resistance, and hence I strongly believe that every college pupil must take part in service acquisition. How to cite The Activity Of Service Learning Education Essay, Essay examples

Security Program for FoodLand

Question: Discuss about the Security Program for FoodLand. Answer: Introduction In this report, the security aspects of FoodLand Supermarkets, a retail store in South Australia is evaluated and highlighted. FoodLand has been witnessing strong growth during the past decades and there is a need to establish strong security measures to protect their systems and data from threats. The growth of the internet and related technologies has benefitted the company to expand their operations using the world-wide-web. At the same time as threats and attacks on transactions, systems are on the rise, FoodLand is facing the threat of cyber security attack in their operations. In order to establish, a strong security mechanism for the company, the existing security scenario in FoodLand is first examined . FoodLand Supermarkets perform business transactions through their website. The recent security incidents and breaches on the internet show there has been an increase in cyber crime (Roberts, et al. 2012) particularly targeting e-commerce sites, where hackers target financial accounts and customer data along with personal details like credit card numbers, passwords, and bank details. The company has a good reputation, and also respects the privacy of its customers using the website, but concerned due to data breach their customers personally identifiable information could be compromised and misused by hackers (Weber, 2010). In addition to this, the company also shares their customer data with vendors and other partners who offer extended offers, coupons, and promotions for FoodLands customers. This is again a threat because the company does not have control of their customer data. However, the website offers authentication by username and password, and after verification, the customer can make an online purchase transaction. Many consumers in Australia prefer to make online purchases on a daily basis for its convenience and ease of use (McHenry, 2013). At the same time the online fraud is also on the rise. There are numerous cases to show hackers steal important credit card information when a user is making an online transaction, and hackers more find it easy when consumers make use of open wireless networks for transacting (Hu et al. 2011). Security Challenges faced by FoodLand Supermarket The following security challenges are faced by the retailer in their services. Threats and attacks from the internet on their online consumers Hackers stealing personal consumer informationbank details, credit card numbers, passwords, etc. for misuse and personal gains. Security breaches are possible in their point-of-sale (PoS) systems, databases, transaction and accounting systems Misuse of consumer information while sharing with their vendors, trading partners, etc. because they are external parties Types of attacks envisaged by the company are phishing attacks, DoS, unauthorized access, malicious activity, security breaches, card payment fraud, and so on. Attacks and threats envisaged have wide negative implications for their business. All threats and attacks are due to vulnerabilities present in their existing IT systems and infrastructure which must be handled to secure and protect information Objectives of the report The objectives of the report are as follows: Explore methods to improve the information security for FoodLands Provide an analysis of the overall security program in FoodLands Explore the option of implementing ISO security standards and development of good security practices Assess risks for the type of controls needed to minimize the impact of attacks Report structure Having understood the threats faced by FoodLand, the report provides details on the security program required by the company. The report also explores the need for security structure in their organization and identifies training needs on security (Puhakainen and Siponen, 2010). The use of ISO standards in the implementation of a security plan is explored for its suitability in FoodLand. The need for security certifications in the implementing good security practices and procedures may help in improving its security posture. The need for security certification as an option is examined. Lastly, the report provides a risk assessment that identifies key threats for FoodLand and the type of controls required to mitigate risks to bring them to a minimum level is provided. Security Assessments and Discussions As mentioned earlier, customers make use of unsecured wireless networks to make online transactions. In addition to this, the number of customers using their online services is increasing. It is important to understand that unsecured wireless networks pose serious threats to data when they are transmitted (Cavallari et al. 2014). Due to unsecured networks, there are many top threats and vulnerabilities that exist and make retailers like FoodLands Supermarket an easy target for attackers and hackers (Romanosky et al. 2011). Therefore, it is crucial for FoodLands to safeguard their customer details, data and protect against security threats. The large proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices used in retail business processes (Haller and Magerkurth, 2011) adds to the existing threat landscape. Retailers make use of IoT devices to manage inventory, perform mobile transactions, measure temperature of certain food stuff, monitor store temperature, and so on. IoT devices are connected to the main IT network infrastructure and transmit data constantly in the network. These devices are easily vulnerable to attacks, particularly when IoT devices participate in wireless networks, their level of vulnerability increases. This is one important challenge the company has to make adequate security measures. In addition to the wireless networks and use of IoT device, the company is vulnerable to credit-card payment fraud which is another major problem worldwide (Dal Polozzo et al. 2014). Credit card theft is quite common when it is not protected by a chip and as well as PIN (Personal Index Number) (Asani, 2014). The security issues arising out of credit card fraud has resulted in deterioration of brands and customer trust (Rao et al. 2014). FoodLands is aware of these concerns in their PoS systems and online portal. Data security breach is another significant threat where attackers steal customer data and misuse it for their gains. Normally customer data is more vulnerable and may be exposed to POS systems at the time of purchasing products or while making an online payment (Murdoch and Anderson, 2010). This is another important aspect of security in FoodLands. Security vulnerabilities and attacks can have a huge negative impact on business operations, reputation and profits. A review of overall security indicated that business could be impacted by Loss of value with shareholders reduced profits, the decline in trust with customers, deterioration of brand and reputation. This can further result in significant reduction in online transactions thus reducing profits for the company. In addition to these effects, hackers make use of holiday season to exploit a maximum number of vulnerabilities in retailer systems (Burner, 2014). Therefore, security data involves not only overcoming technical flaws in systems but also involves many aspects such as customer service, awareness of security issues, user training and protection of individual rights. Comprehensive security measures required for FoodLands will include, Multi-layer access controls Deterrence against threats (use of firewalls, hardware, and software security systems can be considered or implementation) Detection (The company can make use of intrusion prevention systems (IPS) or intrusion detection systems (IDS) to identify any malicious activity in their systems) Assessment will involve a thorough analysis on threat landscape and their implications to their systems Response measures will involve the implementation of data encryption in wireless networks, encryption for databases and storage of important data in the company can also be considered. The overall security program (Norman, 2016) will consist of the following Security Policies and Procedures Defining access levels for all staff, customers, partners and vendors Access controls refers to a particular user can have access to only those data as appropriate for his/her role and level User authorization and there can be 2-way authentication in online transactions Implementing perimeter security measures for the network to prevent penetration attacks Having a security awareness program Training on security Deploying special countermeasures to overcome unique vulnerabilities The overall security program will take into consideration the above aspects along with user training on security is required so they are aware of the security implementation. Professional plan of training requirements Security implementations may require following new procedures like authentication or validation. A successful security project implementation will assimilate the proposed changes in the organization. When new technologies and policies are implemented in FoodLands, there is a need for employee training and education. The training is mostly done after the new policies and procedures in security are already implemented and in place. It is also highly important to note that untrained users can work around to bypass controls and this can create additional vulnerabilities in the system (Whitman and Mattord, 2012). FoodLands must plan for training within three weeks before the new policies and security systems are implemented and they are online. In addition to training, the security project must ensure compliance documents are made available to all employees or them to read, understand and agree on new policies. Training plans will also ensure users to follow certain procedures while using IT systems and are aware of the importance of information in the company. The following points can be fulfilled through training, Users are made aware of the selected controls and their effectiveness Through training, the management can find it easy to implement procedures for promptly identifying security violations and respond to security events Training will help organize information security and incident management. In an organization, security is supported and a chief security officer (CSO) is the main focal point for communication and coordination of all security matters, supervision, and management of countermeasures, implementation, for security planning and awareness programs. The users and staff can understand their accountability in using the system. Training is an inherent part of ensuring a culture of security (Tsohou et al, 2010) in the company. ISO security standards FoodLands can consider the best practices and global standards in implementing their systems security and ensure data protection. International Standards Organization (ISO) provides the requirements for products and services to meet world markets in a transparent manner. ISO security framework also offers assessment mechanisms to verify if the security standards measure up to the standards. The ISO/IEC 27001:2013 is a set of requirements for implementing, maintaining and improving information security management within the context of any type of organization (ISO, 2013). This standard provides a method to evaluate security risks which can be customized for FoodLands. The requirement in ISO 27001:2013 is generic and they are advantageous for information systems security by Standardizing terminologies through consensus Providing a uniform understanding and agreements on functional and non-functional requirements in the design of information systems to be compatible in diverse environments Strengthening interoperability These three advantages are highly required for FoodLands, because when they operate their business in the world-wide-web catering to online users, their systems and applications must function consistently and efficiently when users are accessing from a variety of devices. In addition to this, FoodLands will also comply with global standards in information security which can benefit the organization in the long run, like while planning to move to a cloud service and so on. By implementing the standards in ISO 27001: 2013, the company will be able to enhance their security standards through their information security standards concept, interlinks, and categories (Berr, 2010). This standard is a framework that will serve two purposes for FoodLands, that include Links existing security practices in a coherent and systematic manner Provides guidelines to CSO in making effective security management decisions. The guidelines are based mainly on the security management code of practice (ISO/IEC 27002: 2005) and specification of requirements (ISO/IEC 237001:2005) standards The ISO standards provide a framework for FoodLands to organize effective security management procedures and implement practices in accordance with security standardization activities. Information Security Certifications FoodLands, in order to enhance their security systems for data protection, can also consider hiring security personnel with specialized certifications (Merkow and Breithaupt, 2014). There are a variety of information security certifications available from international bodies compiled below: Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) which is recognized globally and a standard for all IT professionals. Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) is suitable for staff interested in auditing, monitor, control and in the access of an organizations business IT. Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) is focused on designing, managing and evaluate information security in organizations. Certified Ethical Hacker (CAH) is for individuals interested in specific network security from the neutral perspective of vendors. This certification program will provide knowledge for security officers, auditors, administrators and any expert specializing in the integrity of network infrastructure. In addition to the above certifications, there are many more accreditation programs provided by vendors such as CISCO, CompTIA, and so on. In the case of FoodLands, the security program is to design, manage, monitor and evaluate information security for the company to protect their data from attacks. Hence the security certification recommended for the CSO of FoodLands can be either CISM or CISSP. Risk assessment The risk assessment activity for FoodLands follows a development lifecycle. A risk management framework is used to continually evaluate the risk management by observing the following steps: Perform an analysis of impact and categorize information stored, processed and transmitted by the system Based on organizational assessment, select initial set of security controls for assessments of risk and local conditions Implement security controls and demonstrate how the controls can be used within FoodLands Review security controls using evaluation methods to determine if the controls are established correctly and meeting the security needs Information system must be authorized only for registered users and establish access controls based on their engagement with FoodLands Monitor security controls and updating security procedures is an ongoing activity. The risk management framework considered for FoodLands is shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Security risk management framework (Whitman and Mattord, 2012) Risk assessment is an ongoing activity and highly crucial for business operations. It is important to note that implementing security policies and procedures require the need for certification for the individual in FoodLands. Conclusion In this report, the risk assessment and an overall risk management plan for FoodLands are provided for its information security system. Due to the expansion of their operations to cater to online customers, the company allows online transactions for its customers. Since customers on the internet can make use of any type of device (computers, tablets, smartphones) to access the system and perform online transactions it has become highly crucial to protect the information stored in the companys system from attacks on the internet. It is highly important for FoodLands to protect their online customer data. It is also seen the existing systems are not well protected and vulnerabilities can be found in those areas while analyzing the existing IS scenario in the company. The report provides the overall security program by evaluating possible risks which are due to open wireless networks and credit card thefts. Usually, these issues are found on the internet in addition to another type of attacks. The company decided to implement robust security policies and procedures, however, there is a need for security certification program to be completed by their existing IT staff to gain expertise. The security certification programs available are highlighted and appropriate certification is recommended in the context of FoodLands. The importance of ISO risk management processes for information security is considered for the chosen company because it provides flexible risk management processes which can be tailored and can incorporate existing security practices in place. The report also provides a risk management framework which can be implemented for FoodLands. References Asani, E.O., 2014. A Review Of Trends Of Authentication Mechanisms For Access Control.Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal,5(2). BERR. 2008. Information Security Breaches Survey, Technical Report, PriceWater House Coopers, in association with Symantec, HP and The Security Company, Bruner, C.M. 2014. Authorized Investigation: A Temperate Alternative to Cyber Insecurity.Seattle UL Rev.,38, p.1463. Cavallari, R., Martelli, F., Rosini, R., Buratti, C. and Verdone, R. 2014. A survey on wireless body area networks: technologies and design challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(3), pp.1635-1657. Dal Pozzolo, A., Caelen, O., Le Borgne, Y.A., Waterschoot, S. and Bontempi, G. 2014. Learned lessons in credit card fraud detection from a practitioner perspective.Expert systems with applications,41(10), pp.4915-4928. Haller, S. and Magerkurth, C. 2011. The real-time enterprise: Iot-enabled business processes. InIETF IAB Workshop on Interconnecting Smart Objects with the Internet. Hu, N., Liu, L. and Sambamurthy, V. 2011. Fraud detection in online consumer reviews.Decision Support Systems,50(3), pp.614-626. ISO. 2013. ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -- Requirements. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=54534. [Last Accessed 17-Sep-2016]. McHenry, MP. 2013. Technical and governance considerations for advanced metering infrastructure/smart meters: Technology, security, uncertainty, costs, benefits, and risks, Energy Policy,vol. 59, pp.834-842. Merkow, M.S. and Breithaupt, J., 2014.Information security: Principles and practices. Pearson Education. Murdoch, S.J. and Anderson, R. 2010. Verified by visa and mastercard secure-code: or, how not to design authentication. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 336-342). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Norman, T.L. 2016. Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasures Selection. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press. Taylor Francis Group. Puhakainen, P. and Siponen, M. 2010. Improving employees' compliance through information systems security training: an action research study.Mis Quarterly, pp.757-778. Rao, D.N., GopiKrishna, T. and Subramanyam, M. 2014. Electronic commerce environment: (Economic Drivers and Security Issues).Compusoft, 3(2), p.572. Roberts, L.D., Indermaur, D., and Spiranovic, C. 2012. Fear of Cyber-Identity Theft and Related Fraudulent Activity. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, Copyright Taylor Francis, (Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13218719.2012.672275). Romanosky, S., Telang, R. and Acquisti, A., 2011. Do data breach disclosure laws reduce identity theft?.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,30(2), pp.256-286. Tsohou, A., Kokolakis, S., Lambrinoudakis, C., Gritzalis, S., (2010). A security standards' framework to facilitate best practices' awareness and conformity. Information Management Computer Security. 18 (5), pp.350-362 Weber, R.H. 2010. Internet of ThingsNew security and privacy challenges.Computer Law Security Review,26(1), pp.23-30. Whitman, M.E. and Mattord, H.J. 2012. Principle of Information Security. 4th ed. Boston: Course Technology, Cengage Learning.

Prime Suspect The Peculiarities of the Conflicts

Our everyday life is full of different challenges and issues. These challenges can be the results of our interactions with people, of the peculiarities of our private life or our career. There are a lot of tensions and pressures in our everyday reality and our task is to cope with them successfully.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Suspect: The Peculiarities of the Conflicts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1991 Lynda La Plante created a story for the TV series Prime Suspect about Jane Tennison, a detective in the Metropolitan Police, who had to prove her professional competency in the world of men. There are many conflicts and oppositions in the series which can be presented in the form of interpersonal triangles. The most vivid interpersonal triangle which is based on conflicts and hostility includes Jane Tennison and her colleagues Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan who cannot accept the fact of Tennisonâ €™s being a first-class detective and a great professional in this sphere. The main conflict of this triangle depends on the problem of the occurrences of sexism in the behavior of those men who work with Jane Tennison. The Metropolitan Police is the world where men dominate. Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan consider that women should not even try to succeed in this sphere. Moreover, a woman cannot take the position higher than a man’s one. Thus, Jane Tennison has to fight with the antagonism of Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan singly and also with their tandem. Tennison’s actions are directed toward her proving herself in the position, gaining of the reputation and decreasing of the tension. However, Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan’s actions are directed toward breaking down her will and persistence. Thus, Jane Tennison suffers from the open sabotage of her orders by Bill Otley and the team. The problem is in the fact that Jane Tennison faces this opposition eve ry day, and she has also to fight for her professional and private freedom. Tennison can emphasize this point saying, â€Å"Whoa, you’re in my space!† (Prime Suspect 1). She means not only the peculiarities of the immediate situation, but she declares her position according to the whole situation in the office.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jane Tennison is dedicated to her work greatly. She is rather talented and very ambitious. She cannot admit compromises, and there is only the ‘law of justice’ on which she depends (Prime Suspect 1). Her intentions are directed to reaching the success in her professional life, but she forgets about the needs of her private relations. That is why it is emotionally difficult for her to work in the situation when her colleagues have the purpose to prevent her from doing her work effectively. The relations of Jane Tenn ison with the team can be considered as confrontation. It is obvious from the example of communication between Tennison and her team when they sarcastically call her ‘sir’ or ‘ma’am’. â€Å"Listen, I like to be called governor or the boss. I don’t like Ma’am – I’m not the Bloody Queen. So take your pick. – Yes, Ma’am† (Prime Suspect 1). However, Jane Tennison knows what she does, and it is not an easy task to battle with her. She is not a ‘sir’, but her methods of working can be considered as male, not female. Tennison is used to act as a police officer even in her private life. Bill Otley follows a policy of open confrontation in his relations with Jane Tennison because he cannot admit the fact that a woman can be more successful in the work than he. Otley is a good specialist, and he can successfully cooperate with Shefford and Michael Kiernan and provide high results. However, he has to obey the orders of Tennison, and he is sure that a woman cannot be a good detective. His position is close to the position of all the men in the office. Nevertheless, their antagonism is not so obvious. Otley is ready to attempt every action to prevent Tennison from doing her work, even to conceal important facts about the case. Michael Kiernan is also rather sarcastic in his attitude toward Jane Tennison. â€Å"Oh, I see†¦ female murder squad officer. The ball’s in my court, isn’t it? – The flying squad recommends she is got ‘em†¦ balls!† (Prime Suspect 1). The officers accentuate the fact that a woman cannot be equal to a man even if her methods of work are rather direct and strict.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Suspect: The Peculiarities of the Conflicts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Michael Kiernan also shares the opinion that the police office is the m en’s world and there is no place for women there. In addition, there can also be observed a conflict between Michael Kiernan and Bill Otley which is based on their career intentions. Thus, when Jane Tennison focuses on her professional growth and experience her opponents are inclined to concentrate on her sex rather than on her professional qualities. In the triangle of Jane Tennison, Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan Tennison is able to show the strength of her character and to win the respect of her team. She succeeded in it even in spite of the fact that her colleagues did not want to give her difficult and controversial cases. However, Jane Tennison has paid the cost for her career successes. This cost is her failures in the private life. The opposition of Jane Tennison, Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan depends on the question of sexism and a kind of discrimination. Tennison does her best to succeed in the world of Bill Otley and Michael Kiernan who do not consider her as the equal partner in their work. Works Cited â€Å"Prime Suspect 1†. screenonline.org.uk. n.d. Web. This essay on Prime Suspect: The Peculiarities of the Conflicts was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Changed Man Essays

A Changed Man Essays A Changed Man Essay A Changed Man Essay Essay Topic: Fahrenheit 451 A Changed Man Christian McDaniel Mrs. Rush English 10 17 October 2013 A Changed man A man trapped in a dystopian world where people are forced to obey certain laws he is told to follow. Some may struggle to get away from what they want to teach while most will follow the leader who tells them what they should be. These people are trapped in a society that forces them to act on the terms that they give. People are basically forced to be a mindless zombie that has not have a say so in what happens in the society. In the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is a perfect xample of a dystopian world with people who follow it and the others who want to escape from it. A man named Montag is the main character or protagonist of the story. In this story it is the twenty-fourth century and books have been banned by the society from ever being read. In this era of time Montag is known as a firemen but not the one most people would think of. Instead of putting out fires the firemen are there to start them. The firemens main Job is to burn all books. Montag is at first one of the many people who are sucked into a world they dont understand but never ask questions to clear things up. Although Montag undertakes in a callous, apathetic, and weak- minded stage at first, he starts to see the truth behind his world and pushed to recognize the real problems in his world. Montag was a happy man at first. He had a home, a Job that required him to burn books and a wife, Mildred. Montag was about to be promoted after 10 years of firefighting by his captain, Beatty. Clarisse is the first initial spark to set off Montags mind. Do you ever read any of the books you laughed. Thats against the Of course (Bradbury 8). This is what Montag and Clarisse talk about that causes Montag to actually think for once. Clarisse seemed to have different feelings for Montag than the other firefighters she tried to talk to. He found her peculiar but she had a point to what she was saying. She may have looked 17 but to Montag her words made her seem much older. It was Clarisses last question that got Montag really frustrated. Are you happy? (Bradbury 14). This made Montag really think about whether or not he was really providential with not only himself but in his time and way of life. Montag was extremely confused and thought maybe the answers were somewhere he never looked before like a book. This was Montags next big step in many more dangerous ones. After one of his raids to burn some books he took one home and hid it under his pillow. The next day Beatty suddenly appeared to visit Montag at home. A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. Take the shot from the weapon (Bradbury 58). This is how Beatty explains to Montag how books are really bad. Beatty feels that the world is better off without the books interrupting and ruining your day. He sees it as a burden to read them. Montag still had a melancholy tendency in him; still not satisfied with himself he keeps searching for answers. Montag then took an even bigger step then before. He showed his wife and explained hat he was unhappy. Mildred did not take this lightly. She was immediately startled and afraid of them and wanted them to be gone. Listen. Give me a second, will you? We cant do anything. We cant burn these. I want to look at them, at least look at them once (Bradbury 70). Without Mildred Montag started reading the books that he had taken. Later in the book Montag meets a man named Faber who he thinks may be the answer to his problems. We have everything we need to be happy, but we arent happy. Somethings missing (Bradbury 82) Faber gives Montag his address. Montag meets Faber at his house to discuss what he should really do. If there were no war, if there was peace in the world, Id say fine, have fun! But, Montag, you mustnt go back to being Just a fireman. All isnt well with the world (Bradbury 87) Faber doesnt tell Montag what he has to do but tells him he has to make the choice himself. He can choose to part of those who know they are alive or be the people who follow what they are told to do. Montag agreed to follow Faber and his ways. Faber gave Montag a seashell-like communication device and said that he would read to him every night. Following this event Montag went home where Mildred had some friends over. Montag went on to read them a book. After awhile and when he was finally done Mildreds friends were deeply disturbed by the book. Mildred was frustrated with Montag and the books and said she wanted them gone but Montag said that he needed them. The worst of Montags misfortune was yet to come. Montag was at work and the alarm to burn some books had gone off. Montag went through the same procedures he always went through. They got on the truck and they were off. Montag had no clue where they were going. When the truck had finally stopped Montag realized where they were. Why, said Montag slowly, weve stopped in front of my house (Bradbury 113). Montag for a long while thought to himself. He couldnt believe that he was in front of his house. He didnt even say a word while Beatty, who seemed to be somewhat satisfied, went on giving a speech on how he messed up. But Montag noticed that Mildred was leaving the house to get into the car. Mildred, you didnt put in the alarm! (Bradbury 116). Mildred left the scene and never returned. Beatty told Montag that he had to burn down his own house and that he would be arrested afterward. Montag proceeded to burn everything down. When he was finished Montag and Beatty got in a little altercation and Montag ended up hooting Beatty with the flamethrower and killing him. Montag knew he had to escape the area before the cops could get to him so he had to flee somewhere. When he was running Montag decided he better go to Fabers house for advice and he was the last person he could trust. Faber told him he had to make it to the forest. Montag was successful in making it to the forest and escaping the cops. Montag began feeling, touching, and overall understanding the area around him and realized something. He walked on the track. OAnd he was surprised to learn how certain he suddenly was of a single fact he could not prove. nce, long ago, Clarisse had walked here, where he was walking now (Bradbury 147). Montag had finally felt different feeling than what he had at the beginning of the book. Montag really has become a changed man. Montag made choices that werent in his best intentions but he was a new and better person. It may seem like he lost everything but he has gained something more important than any item in the world and that is his own logic. His opinion. His ordeal. The choices he made, he made on his own and no one else can take that from him. Montag now knows that he is alive and he is proud to know this.

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure Mr Jones has a BP of 90/60. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his BP. Normal Range = Hypotension Low blood pressure is referred to as hypotension, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) or diastolic less than 60 mmHg. A person’s blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two numbers is a measure of â€Å"systolic† pressure or the pressure in the person’s arteries when their heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number measures â€Å"diastolic† pressure or the pressure in the person’s arteries when their heart rests between beats. A desired blood pressure is less than 120/80. In people who are considered to be healthy, low blood pressure without experiencing any symptoms is commonly not a concern and does not need to be treated. Low blood pressure may be a sign of an underlying issue, particularly in the elderly, where it might cause inadequate blood flow to their heart, vital organs, and brain. Fortunately, chronic low blood pressure without symptoms is rarely serious. Health issues may happen, however, when a person’s blood pressure suddenly drops and their brain is deprived of an adequate blood and oxygen supply. The condition may lead to light-headedness or dizziness. A sudden drop in blood pressure usually happens in a person who has risen from a prone or sitting position to a standing one. When this occurs it is referred to as, ‘postural hypotension’ or ‘orthostatic hypotension’. Another type of low blood pressure may happen when a person stands for extended periods of time. This is referred to as, ‘neurally-mediated hypotension’. Postural hypotension is considered to be a failure of a person’s cardiovascular system or nervous system to react appropriately to sud den changes. Usually, when a person stands up, some of their blood pools in their lower extremities. If this remains uncorrected, it would cause the person’s blood pressure to fall or decrease. A person’s body usually compensates by sending messages to their heart to beat faster and to their blood vessels to constrict, offsetting the drop in blood pressure. If this does not happen, or does not happen quickly enough, postural hypotension is the result. Blood Pressure and Aging The risk of low and high blood pressure commonly increases as a person ages due in part to changes during the aging process. The flow of blood to a person’s heart muscle and brain declines as a person ages, many times as a result of plaque build-up in their blood vessels. While the causes of low blood pressure may not always be clear, it might be associated with things such as: Heart arrhythmias Heart failure Heat exhaustion or heat stroke Hormonal issues such as an under-acti ve thyroid, diabetes, or low blood sugar Liver disease Pregnancy Some over-the-counter drugs Some prescription medications Widening of the blood vessels Causes of Sudden Drops in Blood Pressure Sudden drops in a person’s blood pressure may be life-threatening. A number of different things may cause this type of hypotension. The causes of sudden drops in blood pressure may include: A reaction to alcohol or medication Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction Heart muscle disease High body temperature Loss of blood Low body temperature Sepsis Severe dehydration from diarrhoea, vomiting, or fever People at Risk of Postural Hypotension Postural hypotension, or low blood pressure when a person stands up quickly, may happen to anyone for a number of reasons such as lack of food, dehydration, or simply being overly fatigued. It might also be influenced by a person’s genetic make-up, medication, aging, psychological factors, dietary ones, or acute triggers such as allergy or infection. Postural hypotension happens most often in people who are taking medications to control high blood pressure or, ‘hypertension’. It may also be related to strong emotions, pregnancy, diabetes, or hardening of a person’s arteries. Seniors are affected by postural hypotension in particular, especially seniors who experience high blood pressure or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hypotension after eating is a common cause of dizziness or even falls. It is most common after large meals containing a lot of carbohydrates. Medical science believes it is caused by blood pooling into a person’s vessels in their stomach and intestines. A number of medications are associated with postural hypotension as well. The medications may be divided into two major categories: Medications used to treat high blood pressure such as beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium-channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Medications that have hypotension as a side effect such as anti-psychotics, neuroleptics, nitrates, anti-anxiety agents, tricyclic antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics, and medications for Parkinson’s disease Some causes of naturally occurring postural hypotension exist. For example, dehydration and electrolyte loss might result from vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive blood loss during menstruation, or other conditions. A person’s age associated decline in blood pressure regulation is another example and is something that might worsen due to certain health conditions or medications. Some diseases may cause postural hypotension as well. Diseases such as Shy-Drager syndrome or, ‘multiple system atrophy,’ nerve issues such as peripheral neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, nutritional diseases, or alcoholism may cause postural hypotension. Blood Pressure Ranges Listed below are the ranges for Low ( Table 1 ) Normal ( T able 2 ) and High ( Table 3 ) blood pressure respectively. Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 90 60 Borderline Low blood Pressure 60 40 Too Low Blood Pressure 50 33 Dangerously Low Blood Pressure Table 1 Low Blood Pressure Range Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 130 85 High Normal Blood Pressure 120 80 Normal Blood Pressure 110 75 Low Normal Blood Pressure Table 2 Normal Blood Pressure Range If one or both numbers are usually high, you have high blood pressure (Hypertension). Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Stages of High Blood Pressure 210 120 Stage 4 180 110 Stage 3 160 100 Stage 2 140 90 Sta ge 1 Table 3 High Blood Pressure Range Figure 1Visual representation of Systolic and Diastolic Ranges       Age Systolic BP Diastolic BP 3-6 116 76 7-10 122 78 11-13 126 82 14-16 136 86 17-19 120 85 20-24 120 79 25-29 121 80 30-34 122 81 35-39 123 82 40-44 125 83 45-49 127 84 50-54 129 85 55-59 131 86 60+ 134 87 The average Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure is affected by age, as shown in Age Males (mmHg) Females (mmHg) 1 – 3 80/34 – 120/75 83/38 – 117/76 4 to 6 88/47 – 128/84 88/50 – 122/83 7 – 10 92/53 à ¢â‚¬â€œ 130/90 93/55 – 129/88 Table 4 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Neonates and Infants Table 5 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Children and Adults

Cross Cultural management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Cross Cultural management - Essay Example noted is that there are researches and case study analyses regarding cross-culture in abundance conducted over the years to understand the changing prospects of cross-culture communication. Past researches conducted so far regarding the subject of cross-cultural communication have been able to understand and assess the ways in which so. The chosen strategy for this research paper aims to undertake a case study analysis of the Swedish organization to understand the prospects of cross-cultural communication and its impact on the organizational operations. The subject of cross-culture management and issues arising in the international business economy is critical because it pertains to interconnected fields of study. For instance, cross cultural communication undertakes major inspirations for study from communication, psychology and other fields of social sciences. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate differing aspects of cross cultural communication. It is due to this reason that in order to conduct the assessment of cross cultural communication within an existing organization, different disciplines and aspects will be taken into consideration. It is imperative to elaborate regarding cross-culture communication and management before understanding the aspects or factors that affect cross-cultural communication in accordance to the case study of ImseVimse. Andrews in his research entitled â€Å"Cross-Cultural Management† (2009) marked that cross cultural communication is a very critical area of management. It is because employees, international vendors or suppliers etc. are considered as major assets for organizations. Globalization has made organizations to hire employees from different cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. In the similar fashion, Haghirian (2012) also noted and explained cross-culture communication and its management as an integral part of service for managers. It is merely because it has everything to do with different employees and

The impact of technology on the war in Afghanistan Research Paper

The impact of technology on the war in Afghanistan - Research Paper Example The Taliban has explicitly expressed their support of the Al-Qaeda, a global network of terrorists, and in September 9, 2011, Al-Qaeda operatives executed Ahmad Shah Massoud, a prominent commander of the Northern Alliances. Such killing assured Osama Bin Laden of the Taliban’s support and refuge after the 9/11 Attacks (Council on Foreign Relations). And so, the seed for the biggest and most wide-spread war on terrorism has been sown; the war on Afghanistan was bred, needing only the attacks on US soil to spark the powder keg. The problem about Afghan stability and counterterrorist efforts is not simple a problem; the Taliban is continually able to hold the Afghan citizens silent about their presence by the effective monopoly of fear, threatening the lives of Afghan should they provide any hint to the US troops concerning the Taliban or the Al-Qaeda operations (Ferguson). Poor governance, ethnic conflict, and administrative mismanagement have crippled the Afghan government syst em in trying to address the problem of terrorism in the post-Taliban democracy. Terrorists still plague the Afghan communities, storing ammunitions and high-powered rifles, and in some case, a Taliban flag, in places so close to Afghan homes. Security in the Afghan state and the elimination of terrorist cells is highly important to maintain global peace, and such is the goal of the United States for its involvement in places so far away from the New World. After the 1993 bombing on the World Trade Center and the more famous 9/11 attacks, global security has become US security as these attacks against the US sprang not from the American continents, but from places across the oceans. In order for the US government to ensure the safety of its people, it must secure the safety of the entire world from threats as eminent as the Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and all other terrorist networks and militant insurgent groups. As part of the study on the war in Afghanistan, there is a need to define c ounterinsurgency from counterterrorism, and in order to fulfill such, there is still a need to define the root-words that comprises the two military labels. Counterinsurgency is a concatenation of two words: counter and insurgency. Counterinsurgency is any organized military activity designed to combat insurgencies (Merriam-Webster). These are military activities geared towards combating insurgent groups that are against the central authority not recognized as belligerents. The term counterinsurgency was first used in the 1960s to combat communist-led revolutionists and insurgents, which Nikita Khrushkev termed as the â€Å"war of national liberation†, occurring all around the world that are against U.S. interest (Answers Corporation). The term replaced counterrevolution for public propaganda, since a revolution has a good connotation to the American public. Counterterrorism, on the other hand, is a concatenation of the words counter and terrorism. Counterterrorism refers to the practices, not necessarily military in nature, that acts as a response to terrorist threats and/or acts, be it real or imputed (Zalman). Terrorism is a criminal act that influences and audience beyond the immediate victim (Research-Terrorism). It seeks to achieve goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature by inflicting terror and anxiety through the use of military equipments, usually aimed at civilian targets.

How the Town of Maycomb Strongly Demonstrates Social Iniquity Essay Example for Free

How the Town of Maycomb Strongly Demonstrates Social Iniquity Essay People can be unfair, unjust, and downright cruel. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, there is a good demonstration by the members of Maycomb’s society of the theme of social iniquity that has very strong supporting evidence towards this opinion. Many different acts are shown to price the county of Maycomb is biased and unfair to its members. It proves things are not as they seem considering the fact that the county of Maycomb is a very proper and ‘classy’ group of people, to some extent. But, as many people read, they notice there are hidden things involved in this ‘not so proper’ place. People in Maycomb are biased towards others based on their colour, job, age, gender, age or family. In more than one way are people discriminated and treated differently due to these aspects of them. Examples that are shown in the novel of social inequity the difference in treatment from a white man compared to a black man, the missionary circle or the different age groups in Maycomb. In the county, there are a group of ladies that like to get together and ‘talk’ about situations that go on in Maycomb and get each other’s input on each of the situations that are brought up. They like to call themselves the missionary circle. Some people think that this group is just a group built to gossip. â€Å"I heard Mrs. Grace Merriweather giving her report in the living room on the equalled lives of the mrunas, it sounded to me. They put the women out in huts when their time came, whatever that was; they had no sense of family- I knew that’d distress Aunty.† (Lee, 121). This quote is simply just an example of what the missionary circle talks about. They find different topics and news about the county and gather around at different locations to talk about it, acting as if they are a club. They all have  different opinions, sometimes belittling different figures or characters in the novel. Some of the opinions given from the members reflect upon other members opinions of situations or characters making some opinions bias. Some of the things said by the missionary circle’s members can be untrue. Since the characters or figures that are being spoken about are not there to defend or give their point of view, this makes the judgement unfair. â€Å"I tell you there are some good but misguided people in the town. Good but misguided.† (124). This quote is in reference to Atticus. Some people could say this quote has a significant impact on this novel because it opens the discussion of the group up to different people in the town and the judgement, sometimes false, that they get from people. Everyone has their own opinions of others, sometimes their opinion is part of someone else’s. The missionary circle’s members are socially high in the rankings from the opinions of others. They tend to be the ‘popular’ group in Maycomb which is why Alexandra wanted to join the group in the first place. The members of the missionary circle consider themselves fine upstanding Christian women of Maycomb. The missionary circle talks about different people in Maycomb and where they are ranked in the social standards to their perspective. The black people of Maycomb tend to be a topic the group talks about and most of the rest of the county. In the novel, people tend to make it seem as though black people are treated very poorly compared to white people. White people think they are better than them and consider it a crime if a black man beats a white man in any way shape or form. This is when Tom Robinson comes into play. He is a huge aspect of the book. He is put into trial for supposedly raping Mayella Ewell. When the court date comes, the information gathered from both sides point to Tom as being innocent. Many people suspect Mr. Bob Ewell was the man that beat Mayella for coming to a black man. Evidence suggest that Tom Robinson only losses his case because of his colour. Even in the courtroom, people are divided by their colour and class. The black people of the crowd have to sit on the balcony while the white folk sit on the floor. This is  discrimination against the black race. They are treated differently than the white people because of false and prejudice judgement and opinions of others. â€Å"A white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white man always wins.†(Lee, 243) This quote is a significant piece of evidence that represents the injustice and biased treatment against black people in Maycomb. This can also demonstrate the fact of how Maycomb tends to be bias towards characteristics of people or families that are out of their control such as age, gender, wealth, race or even your family. Everything the people in Maycomb are is based upon these factors that are out of their control. Atticus tells Scout â€Å"It’s not okay to hate anybody.† (pg. 246). This quote is significant because Atticus is trying to tell Scout that you can’t not like anyone for no reason. He is telling her not to judge a book by its cover. He could be suggesting giving everyone a chance before you give them a negative judgement. In a way, Atticus is trying to navigate Scout away from the common disease in Maycomb of false judgement unlike the rest of Maycomb. Not many people see how they are unfair to each other but it tends to stand out to Atticus which is why he tries to treat people fairly. Atticus also tries teaching Jem and Scout to be respectful to elders and the adults in Maycomb. There are different cases for different people that are older that the kids don’t understand and Atticus is trying to make them appreciate them without telling them their situations. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, the role of adults is huge. When Scout first goes to school, her first teacher, Mrs. Caroline Fisher, doesn’t know the customs of the county so she   assumes something about the Cunningham’s family. She doesn’t know that the Cunningham’s don’t take anything they couldn’t pay back so it seemed as though she got offended when Walter didn’t take the quarter. Everyone in the class knows what the Cunningham’s are like so when this happens, the class reacted surprised. Mrs. Fisher did not show an act of false judgement which shows that things change in Maycomb. Over time, people begin to look at different situations a bias way due to the perspectives of others. She also  doesn’t like the fact that Scout can read. It seems as though she was discouraged by a child’s knowledge and didn’t know how to react towards it. â€Å"Jem and I hated her. If she was on the porch when we passed, we would be raked by her wrathful gaze, subjected to ruthless interrogation regarding our behavior, and given a melancholy prediction on what we would amount to when we grew up, which was always nothing.† (Lee, 13). This quote shows the false judgement on Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose on the children. Most of the adults in Maycomb do not fully respect Jem and Scout. This is because of their age; something they cannot control. People treat them differently based on this because nobody stands up for them except themselves. The adults have no reason to follow along in someone else’s footsteps in this aspect because no one is making the footsteps for anyone to follow in. Stephanie Crawford even told me once she woke up in the middle of the night and found him looking in the window at her. I said what did you do, Stephanie, move over in the bed and make room for him? That shut her up a while. (48). The meaning of this quote could be interpreted many different ways. Mrs. Maudie is saying this about Boo Radley. He is a very mysterious man. Many people in the town have made false accusations about him, not knowing who he truly is, not even what he looks like. Boo is considered a complete outcast to Maycomb. It is as though he doesn’t exist. People don’t even put the initiative to get to know Boo Radley because if they did, they would be considered weird. Mrs. Maudie is, in a way, sticking up for Boo because she doesn’t believe in false judgement. This is Mrs. Maudie showing the opposite of what most adults in Maycomb. People in Maycomb tend to follow other people. This is when a movement happens. The movement in the novel, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is social iniquity because of the decisions made upon the citizens in Maycomb. In a way, the missionary circle is a group of people looking for followers in order to continue their ‘club’ and stream of gossip. People in Maycomb discriminate different people due to their race. This is why black man is considered to be less than a white man in Maycomb’s social standards. It is a cruel judgement which is why everyone should be given a fair chance before they are given a label. People also judge people by their age. All of these  discriminating factors are things you cannot control. It is downright cruel and unfair. Social inequity is something quite simple that should be fixed. Many crucial factors in the novel end up being decided by discrimination. Most people in Maycomb don’t want to break the trend of discrimination and start a new movement by standing up for what is right. It could be very easy to fix. Why carry it on? There isn’t a point. People just end up being punished or judged due to these factors which isn’t right. People shouldn’t be judged on aspects of themselves that they can’t control. Don’t be a follower, be a leader.

Communication Process Essay -- essays research papers Work Communicati

Communication Process Introduction Communication establishes relationships and makes organizing possible. Every message has a purpose or objective. The sender intends -- whether consciously or unconsciously -- to accomplish something by communicating. In organizational contexts, messages typically have a definite objective: to motivate, to inform, to teach, to persuade, to entertain, or to inspire. This definite purpose is, in fact, one of the principal differences between casual conversation and managerial communication. Effective communication in the organization centers on well-defined objectives that support the organization's goals and mission. Supervisors strive to achieve understanding among parties to their communications. Text Communication Process Communication is the process in which data is sent from a source to an intended audience with a meaning perceived by the receiver. Communication is vital if a company wants to survive. Without communication there will be no work getting accomplished and chaos will reign in the workplace. It is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. The communication process involves six basic elements: sender (encoder), message, channel, receiver (decoder), noise, and feedback. Supervisors can improve communication skills by becoming aware of these elements and how they contribute to successful communication. Communication process cab be described with help of the following eleme...

Sg Cowen Case

*Case #1 :* *SG Cowen* The SC Cowen case revolves around the decision to offer potential candidates a job at the firm. The firm has two spots open, but they still have four candidates left. Each candidate has certain pros and cons so a trade-off needs to be made by the recruitment committee so that a decision can be made on who to hire. Reflect upon a time you had a negative recruiting/hiring experience. What were the signs that the experience was not going well? Explain My first negative recruiting experience was when I applied for an internship at a law firm. I had my interview with both a recruiter and an associate of the firm. Right at the start of the interview I felt there was no fit between myself and the people on the other side of the table. I think I answered most of their questions in a way that I was satisfied with, but I felt that they were really trying to trap me into giving a â€Å"wrong† answer. I got this feeling because they were asking me questions that had totally no relevance to what I was applying for. Furthermore I got the feeling they were looking down on me as they did not seem to acknowledge some of my achievements (my grades for example). At the end they rejected me because they felt that I did not speak fluent Dutch, even though I have lived in the Netherlands all of my life. I was very disappointed about this, but I did learn how important this cultural fit is. When I look back now I always say to myself that I wouldn’t want to spend 60+ hours a week with people I have no connection with in the first place. What is your evaluation of the criteria used by this organization in making hiring decisions? Jim Kennedy has specified four types of criteria that have to be taken into account when determining whether there is a fit between the candidate and the job profile. These are education and experience, intellectual capabilities, personality characteristics and motivational characteristics. SG Cowen’s associate evaluation form has the following criteria listed: commitment to firm, maturity, interpersonal skills, leadership, technical skills and work ethic. Both criteria sets are listed in the table below. I think that SG Cowen uses many of the criteria that Jim Kennedy has identified. What is very different though is that for SG Cowen experience in the current field is not important. Instead they look for a form of affinity with financial markets (as can be seen in the assessment of a candidate’s accounting/finance skills). Which two candidates would you select if you were a member of the recruiting committee at SG Cowen? I would select Natalya Godlweska and Andy Sanchez. In my opinion investment banking is all about being able to learn fast and commitment. Therefore in a candidate I would look for someone who has been successful and willing to commit himself to both the firm and the job. I believe Natalya and Andy fit these criteria the most. Natalya was Cornell’s top student and Andy managed a highly successful business. I believe Martin has not made up his mind on where he wants to work, which to me says he is not willing to commit himself to SG Cowen. Ken on the other hand has already shown commitment in his previous job. But I think the hurdle for him are his two very young kids. Having a kid requires enormous amounts of time, especially in their young years and this cannot be combined with a job that requires 120 hours a week of your time. Name one key difference or similarity between hiring and recruiting at SG Cowen and your HR Plan company, and give your opinion on this. For our HR plan we have chosen the company Danone. The recruitment process that SG Cowen utilizes is very different from that of Danone. SG Cowen has chosen one specific day, Super Saturday, as its only recruitment day. On this day all of the open spots for associates get filled up. Danone recruits throughout the year and essentially has no application deadlines. In my opinion SG Cowen is losing out on many top candidates due to its strict recruitment procedure. By having only one day and thus one deadline to submit your application (in a year! ) they may lose out on top candidates who are tied up for some reason and therefore cannot apply. Noone would be willing to wait a full year, especially in the banking industry where you have so many other good alternatives.

Conflicts Are Important Worksheet Essay

In this assignment, you must write 300 to 450 words on conflict and conflict management. Record your answers in this worksheet. Part 1: The Five Conflict Types Describe each of the five conflict types using paragraph form. 1. Pseudo conflicts: Pseudo conflicts are imaginary conflicts that are a result of faulty assumptions and false dilemmas (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). Many times pseudo conflicts involve two parties with the same views on a subject arguing because they misunderstand or misperceive what the other person is trying to say. 2. Fact conflicts: Fact conflicts arise when two parties disagree about information that can be easily verified or the way it is verified (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). 3. Ego conflicts: Ego conflicts usually center on status or power and occur when one party feels as though their opinion or way of doing things is far superior than anyone else (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). 4. Value conflicts: Value conflicts usually occur in personal relationships, and arise when someone challenges another’s personal beliefs in which they hold near and dear (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). These conflicts can be very intense and long lasting. 5. Need conflicts: Need conflicts arise when the needs of one individual are put before the needs of another or when the needs of each individual are not specifically stated and understood by both parties (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). Part 2: The Five Conflict Management Styles Describe each of the five conflict management styles and explain the strengths and weaknesses of each. Use paragraph form. 1. Avoiders: Avoiders steer clear of conflict and simply avoid the issues because they view it as trivial, unimportant, or have no chance of winning the argument. Strengths of avoiding style is to prevent an immediate conflict and weakness is that the conflict will fester longer and remains superficial (Thomas & Kilmann, 2014). 2. Accommodators: Accommodators believe conflict is destructive and allow others to determine the outcome (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). The strength of using this style is when the issue is not as important to you as it is to the other party and the weakness is you can begin to feel taken advantage of (Thomas & Kilmann, 2014). 3. Forcers: Forcers believe winning is everything and employ persuasion with emotional appeals (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). This style is best used when your core values need to be defended and weakness is you receive less input and ideas from others (Thomas & Kilmann, 2014). 4. Compromisers: Compromisers believe that those involved in the conflict must be ready to give in a little to reach a solution (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). This style is best used to achieve temporary settlements to complex issues and weakness is no one really gets what they originally wanted (Thomas & Kilmann, 2014). 5. Collaborators: Collaborators believe with hard work, both parties can and will get their needs met (Cheesebro, O’Conner, & Rios, 2010). This style is best used to integrate both sets of concerns and weakness is can take longer to resolve the problem (Thomas & Kilmann, 2014). Part 3: Collaborative Communication List two methods of collaborative communication and describe how using them can help you avoid conflicts. Two methods of collaborative communication are social media/software and boards. Social software such as blogs, instant messaging and social networks like Facebook and Twitter, are a great way to allow large groups to receive the same message when they are in many different places (Greene, Crystal, 2014). The use of chalkboards have been replaced by digital or electronic whiteboards and have been used for decades as way to visually demonstrate and communicate ideas that lead to brainstorming and other group collaborations. References Cheesebro, T., O’Conner, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Chapter 7: Conflict Resolution. In Communicating in the Workplace. Pearson Education. Greene, Crystal. (2014). Collaborative Communication Tools. Retrieved from eHOW.com: http://www.ehow.com/list_6828701_collaborative-communication-tools.html Thomas, K., & Kilmann, R. (2014). Five Conflict Management Styles. Retrieved from http://www.ntc.edu/studentlifeblog/wp-content/uploads/Handout-Conflict-Management-Styles.pdf

A Quick Guide to Balanced Scorecards

A Quick Guide to Balanced Scorecards Here is an overview of a BSC (balanced scorecards) management tool, its advantages and disadvantages. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a popular strategic management tool developed in 1992 by Robert Kaplan and David Norton to answer what the two researchers saw as a shortcoming in existing strategic planning methods: A way to connect the long-term objectives of a business to short-term performance measures, particularly financial indicators. The problem is easy enough to understand; a company’s overall goals, usually expressed in its Mission Vision Statement, are often somewhat abstract and difficult to express in terms of the day-to-day (or month-to-month, or year-to-year) activities and processes of the organization – it may not be clear to the people in the organization exactly how their work tasks at this moment are steps towards the company’s greater objectives, a bit of confusion that can create problems for maintaining productivity and motivation. The BSC is a way to â€Å"provide a roadmap† showing how to present activities lead to future objectives, and if used correctly, the tool can be very effective. If you have any questions our writers will gladly help you! STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TOOLS PART 1 Background of the BSC The Fundamental Ideas Behind It Kaplan and Norton first introduced the Balanced Scorecard in an article in the Harvard Business Review in 1992 (â€Å"The Balanced Scorecard – Measures That Drive Performance†, HBR January-February 1992), in which they explained that any firm has four key perspectives from which it should consider its strategy: Financial, Customers, Internal Processes, and Learning and Growth. The firm needs to make money, and for that it needs customers; customers’ needs are served by the output of the firm’s internal processes, and in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage, the firm must learn and improve over time. Consequently, the BSC begins with a firm asking itself four important questions: What is our value to our shareholders? (the financial perspective) What is our value to our customers? (the customer perspective) In order to provide the value to our shareholders and customers, in what must we excel? (the internal processes perspective) How do we sustain our advantages and continue to improve? (the learning and growth perspective) The answer to each of these four questions has four parts: A relevant objective or objectives; the measures of performance that appropriately assess progress towards those objectives; the specific target value of the performance measures that would signify the objectives’ having been successfully achieved; and the specific processes or activities that must be done in order to achieve them. In form, the Balanced Scorecard is a four-sided matrix, with the firm’s vision and competitive strategy at its center: The Balanced Scorecard (Source: Kaplan Norton, â€Å"Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System†, HBR, January-February 1996) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Advantages of the BSC The first advantage of the BSC is that it forces firms to quantify their goals. Aspirations expressed in a Mission Vision Statement such as â€Å"being an empowered organization† is a platitude without some explanation of what â€Å"an empowered organization† is, and how, exactly, the organization can become â€Å"empowered†. Or for that matter, whether or not being â€Å"empowered† actually has anything to do with effectively meeting stakeholders’ and customers’ needs, maintaining sound internal processes to achieve those, and improving the organization to maintain a competitive edge. The second advantage of the BSC is that its format makes it easy to see how all of the strategic management perspectives relate to one another. Conflicts between objectives in different areas are immediately apparent and can be corrected. Perhaps the biggest advantage of the BSC is its versatility. Although it was designed for application in business management settings, the basic template can be applied to almost any initiative or organization. By slightly modifying the four key perspectives, the BSC can even be applied to specific areas of the organization and even to individuals. In fact, there is some research that suggests that the BSC is gaining, even more, use as a performance management and assessment tool in HRM applications than as a firm-level strategic planning tool. Disadvantages of the BSC Like many other strategic management tools, the BSC has one unavoidable potential handicap in that it is only as good as the quality of the information put into it. The tool suffers from the same risk as the SWOT analysis called SWAG (Scientific Wild-Ass Guess) by Oxford’s Professor Malcolm McDonald; the importance of objectives and other factors may be over- or underestimated or overlooked entirely, which leads to the BSC returning poor results because the right information is not actually included. Another problem that can make the BSC less effective than expected is that by design, it gives equal weight to all four of the key perspectives, while in actual practice, many organizations might need to give greater weight to one or another. For example, a non-profit organization would likely have very strong customer perspectives and a lesser focus on financial outcomes; without adjusting the BSC to reflect its priorities, the organization might end up actually hindering its efforts towards achieving its goals. And finally, the results of some empirical research on the effectiveness of the BSC suggests that just as with most strategic management tools, its performance in real-world applications falls a little short of the academic hype. A fairly recent broad study of strategic management tool use and effectiveness found that the BSC tends to work better for larger and more complex firms than for smaller ones, and that the alignment of strategy and performance is perceived to be better among firms that use the BSC in combination with other strategic planning and assessment tools than among firms using the BSC by itself (E.Tapinos, R.G. Dyson M. Meadows, â€Å"Does the Balanced Scorecard make a difference to the strategy development process?† Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62, no. 5, 2011). One reason for this may be that, contrary to the assertions of Kaplan and Norton, the BSC is not actually designed to develop organizational strategy; the firm’s vision an d strategy must necessarily exist beforehand in order for the BSC to work as designed, meaning that the BSC is the best thought of as a performance management and operational planning tool (hence its popularity in HRM practice), rather than a strategic development tool. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TOOLS PART 2 Whatever project you are working on, be assured you have a  reliable team  of writers  to work with. You can place your order here!

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example Strategies can be applied to any functional areas such as finance, marketing, production, human resource (Proctor, 2000). Organizations always try to gain competitive advantages by adopting various strategies for their functional areas. Marketing, when done with the objective of gaining strategic competitive advantages, is called strategic marketing. Generally marketing strategies are adopted for product, price, promotion, distribution, merchandise, market research in order to gain competitive advantages in the long run. All these concepts of strategic marketing are developed keeping in mind the aim of the business. Moreover each and every concept thus developed is directly or indirectly involved with the people because people and business inextricably linked. Leo Burnett, well known for his memorable quotations is one of the most renowned personalities in the world of advertising. He took advertising to a different height by creating icons such as Tony the Tiger and Jolly Green Giant. One of those quotes made by Leo Burnett is â€Å"What helps people, helps business’’. This report attempts to analyze the significance of this famous statement in the context of strategic marketing. Earlier business organizations were known only as profit making units. People then were not treated as the principle contributing factor in the process of making profit. They were treated as a means for achieving business objectives. This concept of business has changed significantly over the years. Today’s business leaders have realized that in order to achieve the desired objective, organizations must give enough importance to the people who are associated with the business. It is the people who make business and it is the people who run business. Nowadays while making any strategic decision, the primary focus is kept on the people who are associated with that decision. Organizations, before taking any decision try to have a clear

Light in August by William Faulkner and Fate Assignment

Light in August by William Faulkner and Fate - Assignment Example Light In August reveals the hopelessness that intertwines with the human condition. Joe Christmas and Lena Grove reveal as characters with fuzzy backgrounds. Their beginnings are despicable and this contributes towards their fate. Lena Grove falls in love with a man, who abandons her when she becomes pregnant. Lucas Burch seems like a mildly ambitious man whose direction in life is similarly blurry. In the same sense, Joe Christmas has a contemptible background that trails him towards his castration. The novel only mentions his adopted family and the unpleasant relationship that leads him towards murdering his foster father. The depiction of the term street shows how the characters’ attempts at solace ruins them. The street symbolizes the unending search for belonging and self-acceptance that Lena and Joe experiences. For instance, Christmas kills the man who adopted him thereby triggering abandonment by Bobbie Allen and the family (Faulkner 80). When Joe steps off the porch of his former house, he escapes into the streets for fifteen years. In a quest towards finding personal meaning, Joe participates in vain wanderings that reflect his restless nature. The streets possess the allure of potential places for quenching Joe’s inner turbulence. This, however, is a mirage that offers limited answers about his identity. Similarly, Lena possesses hope when she goes in the streets, but she encounters travails that almost break her. The story also entails the burdens of conflicting aspirations and identities that people hold. Although Joe is seemingly white, he has a strong feeling that he is an African American. This means he can neither identify himself as a white nor classify himself as an African American person. Miss Burden inherits the expectations of her family that borders on pride and luminous legacy. Miss Burden, therefore, commits herself to her heritage’s cause that concerns with racial equality and slave abolition. Her charity eventually leads her into romantically falling for Joe, as she tries helping him achieve a stable self-esteem.  

The difference Between U.S.A and Canada in Education and Culture Research Paper

The difference Between U.S.A and Canada in Education and Culture - Research Paper Example The education system is different from the British model. In an overall representation, the educational system of USA with respect to school and system of university binds the above characteristics (The American Education System). 2.2 Basic educational system The country’s education system is comprised of basic 12 years of education in the primary level and then in the high school level. High school level education is necessary for getting admission in the graduate colleges and universities or in some professional institutes and technical schools of the country (USA Education System). Foreigners receive immense opportunities to study in USA in the higher education. The criteria are simple and it does not also require 12 years of mandatory education from this country. Although this notion is not applied in a generalized manner and it has been found that different boards follow different norms. But despite that the facilities given by the American system is quite great and they can pursue their educational career in diverse fields of study (USA Education System). In USA specific fragmentation of educational system are primary schools to grade K-6, junior high school grades to grades of 7-9, senior high school which comprise of grade 10-12 (Education in the United States). 2.3 Schooling in USA Federal system of government predominate the United States of America. The country possesses local governance and it possesses no country level system of education and curriculum. The public schools in USA are not controlled by the federal government. Every state has their respective departments establishing various norms of the schools in those states. Every state allocates fund to the public schools. The public schools receive funding from the local property... This paper approves that the brief study of the paper gives a proper idea about the educational system of United States of America and Canada and also their cultural aspects. In both the nations education is valued at apex levels and it is regarded as a key driver for social development. In USA education is regulated by different states and in Canada, education is regulated by different provinces. In United States education is compulsory at the fundamental levels and is funded by the states while in Canada there is no such free provision. In USA, the constitution highlights mainly on the notion of liberty, life and pursuit of happiness. On the other hand, the Canadian constitution focuses primarily upon the notions of peace, order as well as good government. This paper makes a conclusion that the educational system of USA is more flexible than the Canadian educational system and offers a great variety of learning options, career opportunities and easy access. While on the other hand Canadian education provides a strict platform for the entry of the foreigners. Higher education is tougher in Canada as compared to USA as it has various strict yardstick of assessment. In the cultural forefront, Canada follows a particularist approach with a conservative and peace loving country keeping good relation with outsiders. The attributes of partnership is strong and they are found within their work culture. Regional culture is omnipotent in Canada. In USA, Universalist approach is followed and they overemphasize on the logical explanation and experimentation. In the work culture they follow an individualistic approach and hardly care about their colleagues.

Intellectual Property Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intellectual Property - Case Study Example Step I.   Understanding the situationStep I.   Understanding the situationA.   List and number the relevant facts, check whether the fact is an ethics or legal issue, identify potential harm.        Ã‚  Fact : Intellectual property right is significant in promoting creativity which in turn requires protection.                           Ã‚  Ethical: Its violation kills the spirit of innovation and is significantly unethical.   Legal : The law is clear that invading the intellectual property is punishable by imprisonment or fine Potential or resulting harm :Violation of such IPR is retrogressive to the society at large.                     B.   List the stakeholders involved.  The copyrights society, the government, artists and creative personalities.C.   Which of the above facts has a societal impact?  1. List the local (US) impact of the ethical dilemma.-Possible disagreement among the management team members-Possible disciplinary measures for the violators by the copyrights authorities.  2. List the Global impact of the ethical dilemma-It has cost the world a lot of money to the unscrupulous businessmen.-It has attracted strict patent, copyright and intellectual property rights regulations.Step II.   Isolating the major ethical dilemma.  A. Restate the primary ethical issue using the form:   Should someone do or not do something?

The Growth Development And Industrial Policy Economics Essay

The Growth Development And Industrial Policy Economics Essay 1. Economic growth is the increase of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) or other measure of aggregate income, typically reported as the annual rate of change in real GDP. Economic growth is primarily driven by improvements in productivity, which involves producing more goods and services with the same inputs of labor, capital, energy and materials. Economists draw a distinction between short-term economic stabilization and long-term economic growth. The topic of economic growth is primarily concerned with the long run. The short-run variation of economic growth is termed the business cycle. The rate of economic growth is measured by the percentage increase in output over a 12 month period. Governments aim to achieve high levels of stable economic growth over the long term avoiding occurances such as recessions and periods of excessive short term growth which cannot be sustained. The situation in Britain, and throughout a large portion of the world at the moment, is a good example of how stable growth was not maintained. By not maintaing a constant level of aggregate demand, fluctuations will occur, moving the circular flow of income from a state of equilibirum to a state of disequilibrium this is a natural occurance within an economy, as a rise in aggregate demand demonstrates Economic Growth and vice versa. Unemployment will also fall in relation to growth, inflation rates are likely to rise, with the gap between exports and imports narrowing as consumer demand for less expensive forgein produced products increases and demand for domestically produced goods decreases. Benefits of Growth: Increased levels of consumption Avoidance of macroeconomic problems Redistribution of income to the poor Greater societal care for the environment In theory Growth should make people happier as income will be more evenly distributed, meaning everyone has more money to spend, improving quality of life the down side is that this may not actually happen, and none of the above improvements may actually occur. Costs of Growth Opportunity cost of growth Growth may simply generate extra demand Social effects and Enviornmental costs Shortage of Non-Renewable resources fossil fuels and minerals e.g. Distribution of Income rich get richer, poor get poorer? Changes in production people with basic skills may find they are no longer required, so without further education of training my no longer be employable. Should countries pursue their goals of economic growth? This is a decision to be made in relation to the benefits and costs involved, i.e. each countries situation will be different and their can be no difinitive yes or no answer. Economic development in its simplest form is the creation of economic wealth for all citizens within the diverse layers of society so that all people have access to potential increased quality of life. Job creation, economic output and increase in taxable basis are the most common measurement tools. Structural transformation, improving the quality and productivity of resources and improving the standard of living of a nations population, through sustained growth from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high-income economy, are desireable goals for any government to try and achieve. Improving quality of life in turn relates to improving economic development would be enhanced, including the process and policies by which a nation enhances the economic, political, and social well-being of its people. 2. Public policy generally aims at continuous and sustained economic growth and expansion of national economies so that developing countries become developed countries. The economic development process supposes that legal and institutional adjustments are made to give incentives for innovation and for investments so as to develop an efficient production and distribution system for goods and services. http://schumpeter2006.org/blog/2006/12/20/definition-of-economic-development/ In relation to developing countries, Economic Development can be interpreted in both a positive and negative manner. For example, the government of Sri Lanka has been consistant in their attempts to push the country towards economic development since the 1970s. Many different approaches have been taken, but a common theme of free market principles and structutal reform have been successful in keeping the plans for growth and development on track. Of course, there have been fluctuations these are fundamental for any country, let alone those in the developing world, pursuing such goals. Set backs such as political pressures, involving civil war and forgein investment, as well as a massive drought, have been hugely influential in the path of the countries progress. However, as a result of perseverance and a setting realistic short term goals, the successive governments have been fortunate to see positive developments, especially since 2002 when a ceasefire was signed between the govern ment and insurgent groups and the drought which has hampered development ended, allowing reliable power sources to be restored and the agricultural industry to lower their prices. Working in conjunction with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) more targets were set for the 2003-2006 time period. Along with the new laws which were introduced, concerning areas such as tax and welfare reform, as well as investment deregulation, the country hope is to establish lasting peace through relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The fluctuations observed over this time period show clear examples of the negative and positive sides of growth and development, for example, the social effects displayed through the cival unrest and the environmental costs created by the droughts. On a more positive note, it can be seen the the distribution of wealth is becoming more even as a result of the reforms instigated in 2003. A level of health care is provided for free midwifey care is one such service now available, although many others such as blood transfusions are still very expensive. The government hope to influence and change this with their continued action through a number of key policies: 1) restoring fiscal sustainability, including raising revenues by 21/2% of GDP; 2) implementing structural reforms mainly involving deregulation and privatization; 3) creating opportunities for the poor to share more fully in the benefits of economic growth through improvements in infrastructure and education; and 4) garnering resources for reconstruction, including though donor assistance and government investments. Like many other industrialized nations of the West, the United Kingdom has sought to combine steady economic growth with a high level of employment, increased productivity, and continuing improvement in living standards. Attainment of these basic objectives, however, has been hindered since World War II by recurrent deficits in the balance of payments and by severe inflationary pressures. As a result, economic policy has chiefly had to be directed toward correcting these two underlying weaknesses in the economy The Conservative government elected in 1979 sought to reduce the role of government in the economy by improving incentives, removing controls, reducing taxes, moderating the money supply, and privatizing several large state-owned companies. This policy was continued by succeeding Conservative governments into the 1990s. The election of a Labour government in 1997 did not reverse this trend. Indeed, privatization is now widely accepted by most of the Labour Party (with the exception of the dwindling numbers of the wing of the party with strong ties to trade unions). The most important issue facing Britain in the early 2000s was membership in the European Monetary Union (EMU). Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair decided to opt out of EMU at its inception in 1998 and has promised a referendum on British membership. The opposition Conservatives oppose abandoning the pound and have the support of a majority of the British population on the issue. In June 2003, the chancellor of the exchequer stated that Britain was not yet ready to enter the euro zone, which made a referendum in the current parliament unlikely, at least until a new government would be seated in 2005. The government in 2003 devoted its attention on the domestic front to improving such public services as health, education, and transportation. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/United-Kingdom-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT.html Industrial Policy Industrial policy is a government funded program that encourages the public and private sector to create new technology which in time leads to economic growth. This new technology can be used to create new industries within the given country which in time can lead to greater levels of employment. It can also be used to save an industry that may be outdated or failing. The government run these programs in many ways. One way they can do it is by funding a private organisation to carry out the research. This funding can be through tax breaks or the organisation could be a direct subsidiary to the government. The programs could also be government run; this has less of an advantage as private organisations are usually in a better position to carry out this research. Does it work? Its not just established economic countries that have industrial policy either and it can be just as if not more important for newly formed industrial countries as well. This is due to the resources needed for economic growth, which at the start can be easy for a country to do. As it gets bigger it requires more and more resources in order to maintain this growth and without appropriate investment this would not be possible. The Korean government did this by offering financial incentives and reduced tax to organisations setting up in the country, whilst this has worked well for them as a developing country, the practises are now banned by the WTO for developing countries and as such wouldnt help smaller countries in the same situation Korean was in some 40 years ago. Over the last few years with the recession damaging world economies it has been quite hard to define between industrial policy and government bail outs. In the UK the government bailed out RBS as it knew that it would be fundamental in the progression in the countrys economy. But just because a government invests money into an organisation doesnt necessarily mean that the company is fundamental in the development of that countrys economy. Take France for example in 2008 at the beginning of the recession a British born French toy company began to slowly slip, the country bailed the toy company, these actions would normally be associated with an organisation that in fundamental to the growth of the country, but they chose this to safe guard the jobs of some of their citizens. With this in mind we are going to look at examples where industrial policy is more obvious and whether opposed to some educated beliefs industrial policy does exist in the UK. A good example of industrial policy in many countries just now is energy. All across the world the focus is slowly shifting towards renewable energy. Government s are paying incredible sums of money to develop new ways of harnessing renewable energy as they know in the long run it will be essential to maintain their economic growth. A country that is investing massively in renewable energy is China, (The Economist, 2010) stated that over the next 10 China would invest nearly a trillion yen which equate to about  £80 billion on nuclear power. This is done using a variety of state owned organisations i.e. banks and also through private organisations which are then government subsidised. The energy companies are paid massive amounts of money to work creating this new technology. As well as this the Chinese government also made it a rule that any foreign companies wishing to trade in that market must give in technological secrets to the local electricity companies. This economic policy is what has allowed the Chinese electricity market to grown so quickly and will allow the energy market to continue to grow at its current rate. With all this success in industrial policy in the Far East and in Europe some would presume that Industrial Policy is a good thing but there are also arguments against Industrial policy, the main one looks closely at the length of time it takes for the country to get any real benefit out of their investment. This point is summarised by Mr E GLAESER of (THE NEW YORK TIMES, 2011), who says New industries dont grow on trees. They require years of investment and development, an educated workforce and an international market for those services. Thats why the administration is pushing green energy in the stimulus, offering tax credits for renewable energy and solar power, pushing for expanded community college enrolment, and talking about an export-driven recovery. This sounds smart. But it is the sort of public policy labour whose fruits wont be apparent for years. This is all quite fitting however as America have a track record in not having a very good Industrial Policy and one that is also heavily focused in out dated dirty energy. How does industrial policy effect the UK? Industrial Policy has slowly disappeared over the last couple of decades in the UK, as privatisation crept in under the Conservative Government in the 1980s the companies that were state owned and that Industrial policies has originally protected became privately owned. Since 1995 the shift has been from Industrial Policy towards more Rural and Urban policy. This is where the government breaks the country down into its constituencies to try and target its investment towards areas that require it most. It encourages organisations to open up and begin trading in these areas creating jobs and training opportunities for people living in these areas often suffering from multiple levels of deprivation. Each area is looked at differently as no area is ever the same and where different forms of investment is required then that local council receives the money to try and combat this problem. Examples of how Rural or Regional Policy has improved the UK in the last 5 years can be seen in Glasgow with the Commonwealth Games. The Scottish Government has given a lot of to regenerate the east end of Glasgow, this regional policy has boosted employment in the area and will make the area a more viable business location with improvements to transport links and a facelift for the surroundings. (Community Care, 2010) emphasises that as well as a £20 million direct financial investment, the games will also created 1000 new jobs and also 1000 affordable homes in Glasgows east end.